Fungicides are toxic substances that are used to prevent or eliminate the growth of fungi and molds harmful to plants, animals or man. All fungicides, however effective it may be, if used in excess may cause physiological damage to the plant. Like any chemical, it should be used with caution to avoid damage to human health, animals and the environment. They are applied by a spray, dusting, by coating, or local spraying. For treatment of other materials such as wood, paper, leather ... apply by impregnation or staining. Another way to administer is the way of drugs (ingested or applied), to treat human or animal diseases. Most agricultural use fungicides are sprayed or dusted on seeds, leaves or fruit to prevent the spread of rust, blight, mold, or mildew (plant diseases). There are three major diseases caused by fungi that today can be combated through fungicides, these are wheat rust, corn blight and potato disease, which caused the famine of the 1840s in Ireland. Fungicides can be classified according to their mode of action, composition and scope.
- This project has determined the action spectrum of SANIERS prototypes designed to disinfect babies bottles submerged in water using ozonation. According to the aim of the SAINIERS prototype, bacterial strains that may produce gastrointestinal illnesses and health problems via the oral route have been included in the spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The SAINIERS prototype for ozonation was highly effective at disinfecting contaminated water with various bacterial species in suspension. A single cycle of 10 minutes ozonation was enough to reduce 5-6 logarithms of bacterial load, which is above even the requirements established by the AFNOR agency for antiseptic and disinfectant activity (AFNOR, Antiseptiques et désinfectants: Normes et réglementation). Similarly, the ozonator’s action was effective against fungi and yeast, viral particles, even against Geobacillus stearothermophillus spores. In the latter case, it was necessary to apply two ozonization cycles of 10 minutes to achieve disinfection. Below are the results obtained. The tables reflect the bacteria counts obtained before and after ozonation in three independent experiments.
Candida albicans MIC61
Candida albicans is a diploid asexual (yeast form) saprophyte fungus of the Sacaromicetos family. It is normally found in the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract and the vagina. It is has a relevant role in the digestion of sugars by fermentation.
Candida albicans can assume pathogenicity causing candidiasis;, in this case it appears as a vaginal condition (vaginitis), in the oral cavity (thrush), bowel or skin. In a weakened, immune-compromised person or someone convalescing from a long antibiotic cure, Candida multiplies anomalously, through the intestine, to enter the bloodstream, where it releases its own toxins causing candidemia. This phenomenon leads to some abdominal symptoms, bad digestion, gases and swelling, abdominal discomfort (constipation or diarrhea), food intolerance, irritability, insomnia, memory loss, headaches and depression. Candidosis also induces a decrease in absorption of nutrients so it may cause a state of malnutrition.
Mucor racemosus CECT2670
Mucor is a genus of fungi from the Mucoraceae family, Mucorales order, which form delicate white and black sporangia tubular spherical filaments. M. racemosus is a soil mold and from diseased fruits, sometimes isolated from otomycosis cases.
Aspergillus níger CECT2574
Aspergillus niger is a fungus that produces a black mold in vegetables- very common in lettuce, tomato and spinach. It is one of the most common species of the Aspergillus genus. Aspergillus is a genus of about 200 fungi. It can exist in two basic forms: yeast and hyphae. Aspergillus is filamentous (composed of chains of cells, called hyphae, the opposite type of yeast fungi, which are composed of a single circular cell ). In 1729 it was first cataloged by the Italian biologist Micheli. Its natural habitat is hay and compost.
Aspergillusniger does not cause as many diseases as other species of Aspergillus, but in high concentrations it can cause aspergillosis, which causes lung disorders. The disease occurs most often in gardeners, since they inhale the fungus dust more easily.
Example of fungicidal activity from the SANIERS ozonizing equipment: Petri dishes in which the membranes are incubated from the filtration 100 ml of water contaminated with Aspergillus niger and after 10 minutes of ozonation treatment.
